The article explores contemporary challenges in water management in Poland, highlighting both risks and opportunities arising from the transformation of the water resource governance system. It emphasizes the necessity for an integrated approach in light of climate change, increasing frequency of extreme weather events, urbanization, and growing demand for high-quality water. The legal and institutional frameworks in Poland are examined, particularly the implementation of European Union directives, alongside the complications on institutional responsibilities. Special focus is given to the effects of climate change on water availability and the critical role of public awareness and environmental education in enhancing system resilience. The authors argue that effectively mitigating the water crisis requires synergistic action in legislation, technology, education, and planning, underpinned by clear institutional mandates and efficient cross-sector coordination.